Prevention · · 2 min read
Antibiotics: when they help and how to use them safely
Antibiotics treat certain bacterial infections, not the viruses that cause colds and flu. Decisions depend on the suspected infection and its severity, not simply on fever or the colour of mucus.
Why just-in-case treatment is not helpful
An antibiotic does not speed recovery from a viral infection but can still cause adverse effects. Not every bacterial infection requires one. The need, medicine and duration depend on the individual clinical situation.
Understanding resistance
Microorganisms become resistant, not your body. Inappropriate or excessive antimicrobial use encourages selection of resistant organisms. This makes infections harder to treat and responsible prescribing important for every patient.
If an antibiotic is prescribed
Follow the current prescription. Do not share leftovers, save them for a similar illness or double a missed dose without instructions. Contact the prescriber about adverse effects rather than independently shortening or extending treatment.
Questions for the appointment
Ask about the suspected diagnosis, expected improvement and what to do if treatment is not helping. Report past allergic reactions and all medicines. Throat swelling, breathing difficulty or collapse may indicate a severe allergy and require emergency care.
Your practical checklist
- Record the medicine, schedule and agreed duration.
- Ask about missed doses and possible interactions.
- Keep contact details for questions about adverse effects.
Questions and answers
Does green mucus prove I need an antibiotic?
No. Mucus colour alone cannot reliably distinguish a viral from a bacterial infection or determine treatment.
Can I use a relative's leftover antibiotics?
No. Similar symptoms can have different causes, and another person's medicine and treatment schedule may be inappropriate.
Sources
Sources checked on 26 September 2026.